Open Access
Table 1
Definition of variables
| Variable | Abbreviation | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| Energy efficiency | EE | Ratio of GDP to energy consumption (10 000 t of standard coal) |
| Technical level | Tech | Number of authorized patent applications for inventions |
| Government regulatory capacity | GOV | Local general budget expenditures as a percentage of GDP |
| Population | lnPOP | Natural logarithm of urban population size |
| Foreign investment | lnInv | Natural logarithm of total foreign invested enterprises registrations |
| Per capita GDP | Pgdp | GDP per capita |
| Financial efficiency | FE | Ratio of loans to deposits of banking financial institutions |
| Industrial structure | IS | Ratio of tertiary sector value added to secondary sector value added |
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