Biomedicine

CLC number: TQ925

Advances in Nattokinase Research: Therapeutic Potential and Applications

纳豆激酶的研究进展：治疗潜力及应用

¹ College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China (江西中医药大学　中医学院，江西　南昌　330004)
² Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of TCM Affiliated to Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330008, Jiangxi, China (江西中医药大学附属南昌洪都中医医院，江西　南昌　330008)
³ State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China (成都中医药大学　药学院西南中药资源国家重点实验室，四川　成都　611137)
⁴ Jiangxi Fangzhu Pharmaceutical CO., Ltd, Xinyu 338000, Jiangxi, China (江西省方竹药业有限公司，江西　新余　338000)

^† Corresponding author. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Received: 26 February 2025

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in recent years has brought thrombolytic drugs into the focus of researchers, drug makers, and the general public alike. Nattokinase (NK), an alkaline serine protease secreted by Bacillus subtilis natto, exhibits strong thrombolytic activity, reduces blood viscosity, and enhances blood vessel elasticity. With its advantages of high stability, good absorption, long half-life, low cost and fewer side effects, it is considered an ideal natural medicine for preventing and treating blood clots, with promising potential in the field of health food development. This review systematically summarizes research on nattokinase relating to its physicochemical properties, thrombolytic and anticoagulant mechanisms, physiological function, fermentation technology, activity determination, and isolation and purification methods, as well as the latest research on the targeted delivery system of nattokinase. Furthermore, we elaborate on the key future research directions of NK, involving strain optimization, purification technology upgrade, targeted delivery improvement and clinical application verification, in order to provide theoretical support for in-depth research in this field and its application.

摘要

近年来，心脑血管疾病的患病率不断上升，溶栓药物成为研究人员、制药企业和公众关注的焦点。纳豆激酶是纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌分泌的一种碱性丝氨酸蛋白酶，具有很强的溶栓活性，能够降低血液粘度，增强血管弹性。研究表明，该酶具有稳定性好，易吸收，半衰期长，副作用小，且成本低的特点，这些特性使其成为防治血栓形成的天然理想药物，同时在保健食品开发领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文系统综述了纳豆激酶的理化性质、溶栓抗凝机制、生理功能、发酵技术、活性测定、分离纯化方法以及最新的靶向递送系统研究，同时阐述了其菌株优化、纯化技术升级、靶向递送改进与临床应用验证等核心未来研究方向，以期为该领域的深入研究和应用提供理论支持。