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Table 4
Theoretical hypotheses about adversarial examples
Hypothesis | Year | Venue | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Low-probability hypothesis[3] | 2014 | ICLR | Adversarial examples lie in the low-probability spaces |
Linearity hypothesis[4] | 2015 | arXiv | The highly linear behaviors of DNNs are responsible for adversarial examples |
Off-manifold hypothesis[80] | 2017 | SIGSAC | Adversarial examples lie off the clean data manifold and obey a different distribution |
Manifold geometry hypothesis[91] | 2018 | arXiv | The intricate geometric structure of the data manifold makes the model rather sensitive to adversarial examples |
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